What is the definition of a storm surge?

A storm surge is defined as an abnormal rise in water level caused by storms, particularly hurricanes and tropical storms. This phenomenon occurs due to the combination of strong winds and low atmospheric pressure associated with these weather systems. The intense winds push water towards the shore, leading to an increase in sea level, which can result in severe coastal flooding and property damage.

Understanding storm surges is crucial for coastal communities, as they can have devastating effects, especially when they coincide with high tide. The risk of flooding increases significantly during these events, making early warning and effective response strategies essential for public safety.

The other options do not accurately describe a storm surge. Increased ocean water temperature during storms does not directly relate to the water level rise caused by wind and pressure dynamics. A decrease in water level during severe weather does not occur in the context of storm surges, which are characterized by rising water levels. Lastly, while a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure is a factor leading to the phenomena, it alone does not define a storm surge without considering the accompanying rise in water level.