What does 'salinization' refer to in the context of water resources?

Salinization refers specifically to the accumulation of salts in soil and water. This process can occur naturally through the weathering of rocks and minerals, but it is often exacerbated by human activities, such as irrigation and land development. When water evaporates from soil or surfaces, it can leave behind dissolved salts, which can build up over time, affecting soil fertility and water quality. This phenomenon is particularly problematic in arid and semi-arid regions where water evaporation rates are high, leading to increased salinity. Understanding salinization is crucial because it can have significant impacts on agricultural productivity and ecosystems.