What are some common inorganic contaminants in water?

Inorganic contaminants in water typically refer to substances that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. They can come from various sources, including industrial processes, mining, and agricultural runoff. Disinfection by-products and toxic metals fall under this category.

Disinfection by-products are formed when disinfectants like chlorine react with natural organic matter in water, resulting in compounds that can be harmful at high concentrations. Toxic metals, such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, can leach into water supplies from mining operations, industrial waste, or the corrosion of plumbing systems, posing significant health risks to humans and wildlife.

In contrast, pharmaceuticals and hormones pertain to organic contaminants, deriving from human and animal waste or industrial discharges. Silt and clay are particulate matters that, while concerning for water quality, do not classify as inorganic contaminants in the same context. Lastly, oxygen and nitrogen compounds are typically related to nutrient cycles and can contribute to issues like eutrophication but do not directly represent inorganic contaminants. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the critical nature of monitoring and managing concentrations of disinfection by-products and toxic metals in water systems.