How can surface water be distinguished from groundwater?

Surface water can be distinguished from groundwater based on their locations and characteristics. Surface water refers to any body of water that is found above ground, which includes lakes, rivers, streams, and reservoirs. These bodies of water are readily visible and can be directly accessed by individuals. They are influenced by atmospheric conditions, such as rainfall and evaporation, and their levels can fluctuate significantly with seasonal changes.

Groundwater, on the other hand, is located beneath the earth’s surface, typically stored in geological formations known as aquifers. Groundwater is generally accessed through wells and is less visible but crucial for providing drinking water and irrigation. Aquifers consist of permeable materials that allow water to flow through and store substantial quantities of water.

Understanding these distinctions is essential for water resource management and conservation, as surface water and groundwater serve different roles in the hydrological cycle and support various ecosystems and human needs. This knowledge helps in addressing issues related to water availability, quality, and sustainability.